This review study aimed to investigate how team work design shapes the impact of team virtuality on team functioning. Based on 48 studies, we identified key work design variables that influence both team functioning, that is, team performance and intermediary outcomes (i.e., team processes and emergent states), under conditions of high virtuality (or in interaction with virtuality). First, while outcome interdependence showed positive effects on the functioning of virtual teams, particularly via motivational increases, task interdependence showed mixed results. Second, high levels of knowledge characteristics (e.g., task complexity) appear to worsen team functioning within virtual contexts, likely because these characteristics add to the demands of an already demanding context. Third, job resources (e.g., feedback) showed positive associations with team functioning, suggesting these variables might buffer the high demands of virtual work. Given these results, more investigations that explicitly examine the interaction between work design and team virtuality are needed.

中文翻译：

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团队虚拟化与工作设计对团队运作的交互作用

本综述研究旨在调查团队工作设计如何塑造团队虚拟性对团队运作的影响。基于 48 项研究，我们确定了在高度虚拟化（或与虚拟化互动）条件下影响团队运作的关键工作设计变量，即团队绩效和中间结果（即团队流程和紧急状态）。首先，虽然结果相互依赖对虚拟团队的运作有积极影响，特别是通过激励增加，但任务相互依赖显示出不同的结果。其次，高水平的知识特征（例如，任务复杂性）似乎会使虚拟环境中的团队运作恶化，这可能是因为这些特征增加了已经要求很高的环境的需求。第三，工作资源（例如，反馈）显示出与团队运作的积极关联，表明这些变量可能会缓冲虚拟工作的高要求。鉴于这些结果，需要更多的调查来明确检查工作设计和团队虚拟性之间的相互作用。