Although fast followers have been making huge investments on their expansion strategies to surpass first movers and dominate the market, they have encountered the trilemma of being unable to simultaneously obtain high market shares, high business profit rates, and high brand innovativeness. This study used the Trade-off model and Diffusion of Innovation theory to statistically examine the trilemma phenomenon in the global smartphone market and revealed that during the early stage of market entry, a company should actively source and use bigmouth consumers and killer app developers, invest limited resources to expand its target market with the aim of sales profits, and develop specifically for innovation. Starting from the later stage of its market growth period, a company should establish some alternative strategies for responding to the possible reduction in the efficacy of marketing expenses.

中文翻译：

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Apple iPhone和Samsung Galaxy的三难现象分析

尽管快速追随者一直在扩展策略上进行大量投资，以超越先发制人并占领市场，但他们遇到了无法同时获得高市场份额，高业务利润率和高品牌创新性的困境。这项研究使用权衡模型和创新扩散理论对全球智能手机市场的三难现象进行了统计检验，结果表明，在进入市场的初期，公司应积极寻找并利用大嘴巴消费者和杀手级应用开发商，进行投资。有限的资源以扩大目标市场，以实现销售利润为目标，并专门为创新而发展。从其市场增长期的后期开始，