Reading-while-listening has been shown to be advantageous in second language learning. However, research to date has not addressed how the addition of auditory input changes reading itself. Identifying how reading differs in reading-while-listening and reading-only might help explain the advantages associated with the former. The aim of the present study was to provide a detailed description of reading patterns with and without audio. To address this, we asked first language (L1) and second language (L2) speakers to read two passages (one in a reading-only mode and another in a reading-while-listening mode) while their eye movements were monitored. In reading-only, L2 readers had more and longer fixations (i.e. slower reading) than L1 readers. In reading-while-listening, eye-movement patterns were very similar in the L1 and L2. In general, neither group of participants fixated the word that they were hearing, although the L2 readers’ eye movements were more aligned to the auditory input. When reading and listening were not aligned, both groups’ eye movements generally preceded the audio. However, L2 readers had more cases where their fixations lagged behind the audio. We consider why reading slightly ahead of the audio could explain some of the benefits attributed to reading-while-listening contexts.

中文翻译：

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眼动追踪告诉我们关于第一语言和第二语言的只读和边听边读

边听边读已被证明在第二语言学习中是有利的。然而，迄今为止的研究还没有解决增加听觉输入如何改变阅读本身。确定边听边读和只读阅读之间的差异可能有助于解释与前者相关的优势。本研究的目的是详细描述有声和无声的阅读模式。为了解决这个问题，我们要求第一语言 (L1) 和第二语言 (L2) 的使用者阅读两篇文章（一个在只读模式下，另一个在边听边读模式下），同时监测他们的眼球运动。在只读方面，L2 读者比 L1 读者有更多和更长的注视（即阅读速度较慢）。在边听边读中，L1 和 L2 的眼动模式非常相似。一般来说，尽管 L2 读者的眼球运动与听觉输入更一致，但两组参与者都没有注意到他们听到的单词。当阅读和听力不一致时，两组的眼球运动通常先于音频。然而，L2 读者有更多情况下他们的注视落后于音频。我们考虑了为什么在音频之前阅读可以解释一些归因于边听边读上下文的好处。