Public lands can provide a wide range of environmental benefits. Granting protective status to these lands generally imposes restrictions on resource development and extraction activities and thus often generates conflict and debate among public and private stakeholders. In the United States, this is especially the case for national monuments, which are areas that contain significant historic, prehistoric, cultural, and/or geologic resources. In this article, I describe the controversy surrounding national monument designations, particularly in the western United States. I describe the history and status of national monuments, discuss the evidence concerning the benefits and costs of national monuments and other protected lands, and examine public land conflicts in the U.S. west in the context of economic trends in rural communities. I conclude with a discussion of the future outlook for national monuments and public lands in the United States.

中文翻译：

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专题-公共土地的冲突和争议：美国西部国家古迹的指定

公共土地可以提供广泛的环境效益。授予这些土地保护地位通常会限制资源开发和开采活动，因此常常在公共和私人利益相关者之间引发冲突和辩论。在美国，国家纪念碑尤其如此，国家纪念碑是包含大量历史，史前，文化和/或地质资源的地区。在本文中，我描述了有关国家历史文物名称的争议，尤其是在美国西部。我描述了国家古迹的历史和地位，讨论了有关国家古迹和其他保护地的收益和成本的证据，并根据农村社区的经济趋势研究了美国西部的公共土地冲突。