This article reviews the literature on the conservation and livelihood impacts of recent policy and institutional reforms concerning the management of common pool natural resources in sub-Saharan Africa. The evidence suggests that the specific institutional and natural resource context is critical to the success or failure of reforms. We also identify several methodological and data deficiencies in the literature that pose significant challenges for the design of effective and sustainable policies in the future. We propose several priorities for future research, including improving the characterization of the nature, extent, and purpose of policies; controlling for confounding effects and selection bias in research design; developing standardized and conceptually sound impact measures that are aligned with the goals of policy reforms; adopting ecosystems approaches that model complex coupled socioecological systems; broadening cost and benefit measures to include the regulation of ecosystem services of significant local, regional, and global value; and identifying long-term economic incentives and benefit-sharing arrangements among stakeholders, particularly given the increasing competition from alternative land use options. Finally, we find that the literature is dominated by contributions from the natural sciences, suggesting an opportunity to increase the role of environmental economics and policy research.

中文翻译：

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撒哈拉以南非洲地区公共池自然资源管理策略：回顾过去的经验和未来的挑战

本文回顾了有关撒哈拉以南非洲共同池自然资源管理的最新政策和体制改革对保护和生计影响的文献。有证据表明，特定的制度和自然资源环境对改革的成败至关重要。我们还确定了文献中的一些方法和数据不足，这些不足对将来设计有效和可持续的政策提出了重大挑战。我们提出了一些未来研究的重点，包括改善政策的性质，范围和目的的特征。控制研究设计中的混杂效应和选择偏见；制定符合政策改革目标的标准化，概念上合理的影响措施；采用模拟复杂的耦合社会生态系统的生态系统方法；扩大成本和收益措施，以包括对具有重大地方，区域和全球价值的生态系统服务的监管；确定利益相关者之间的长期经济激励措施和利益分享安排，尤其是考虑到替代土地使用方案的竞争日益加剧时。最后，我们发现文献以自然科学的贡献为主导，这表明有机会增加环境经济学和政策研究的作用。确定利益相关者之间的长期经济激励措施和利益分享安排，尤其是考虑到替代土地使用方案的竞争日益加剧时。最后，我们发现文献以自然科学的贡献为主导，这表明有机会增加环境经济学和政策研究的作用。确定利益相关者之间的长期经济激励措施和利益分享安排，尤其是考虑到替代土地使用方案的竞争日益加剧时。最后，我们发现文献以自然科学的贡献为主导，这表明有机会增加环境经济学和政策研究的作用。