The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering a new policy that would prohibit the agency from issuing regulations that rely on studies whose underlying data are not publicly available. While the EPA claims it is pursuing this policy in the interest of transparency, we argue that such a prohibition would greatly hinder, rather than help, the rulemaking process and would likely result in undesirable regulatory outcomes that fail to maximize economic welfare. This policy brief argues that a good faith effort to encourage data availability should focus on forward-looking incentives for transparency rather than the exclusion of a whole class of studies, and that weighting older studies based on their evidentiary value is preferable to removing valuable information from agency consideration.

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评估美国环保署提议的“加强监管科学的透明度”规则的理由

美国环境保护局（EPA）正在考虑一项新政策，该政策将禁止该机构发布依赖其基础数据未公开的研究的法规。尽管EPA声称其为透明起见而奉行这一政策，但我们认为，这种禁令将极大地阻碍而不是帮助规则制定过程，并可能导致不良的监管结果，从而无法最大限度地提高经济福利。本政策简报认为，鼓励数据可用性的诚意工作应着眼于透明性的前瞻性激励，而不是排除整个研究类别，并且基于证据价值对较旧研究进行加权比从中删除有价值的信息更为可取。代理商的考虑。