People with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) continue to experience high rates of unemployment. Previous research suggests that including an employment goal in an individual’s service plan can be a mechanism toward attaining employment, especially in a community setting. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of employment goals and employment in community and facility-based settings for people with IDD. This study used 2012 to 2013 National Core Indicators (NCI) Adult Consumer Survey data from 26 states to understand (a) the effect of disability and guardianship on attaining an employment goal and (b) the effect of disability, guardianship, and an employment goal on employment in community and facility-based settings. Results indicate that people with more significant intellectual disability (ID), communication and mobility challenges, and people under guardianship had significantly lower odds of an employment goal. Related to employment settings, people with an employment goal have significantly higher odds of employment in individual-community, odds ratio (OR) = 11.25, p ⩽ .001, and group-community (OR = 6.07, p ⩽ .001) settings. Those with more significant levels of ID had significantly lower odds of employment in individual-community (OR = 0.64, p ⩽ .001), group-community (OR = 0.85, p ⩽ .05), and facility-based settings (OR = 0.85, p ⩽ .01). The odds of employment for people with communication and mobility challenges were significantly lower, across all settings. Guardianship status did not have a significant effect. These findings have policy and practice implications that should be considered in systems improvement.

中文翻译：

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就业目标和环境：个人和系统因素的影响

智力和发育障碍 (IDD) 人士的失业率继续居高不下。先前的研究表明，将就业目标纳入个人的服务计划可以成为实现就业的一种机制，尤其是在社区环境中。本研究有助于了解 IDD 患者的就业目标和就业在社区和设施环境中的作用。本研究使用来自 26 个州的 2012 年至 2013 年国家核心指标 (NCI) 成人消费者调查数据来了解 (a) 残疾和监护权对实现就业目标的影响以及 (b) 残疾、监护权和就业目标的影响关于社区和设施环境中的就业。结果表明，智障 (ID) 较严重的人，沟通和流动性方面的挑战，受监护人实现就业目标的几率要低得多。与就业环境相关，有就业目标的人在个人社区、优势比 (OR) = 11.25、p ⩽ .001 和群体社区（OR = 6.07，p ⩽ .001）环境中的就业几率显着更高。ID 水平较高的人在个人社区（OR = 0.64，p ⩽ .001）、团体社区（OR = 0.85，p ⩽ .05）和基于设施的环境（OR = 0.85，p ⩽ .01）。在所有环境中，有沟通和行动不便的人的就业几率都显着降低。监护地位没有显着影响。这些发现具有政策和实践意义，应在系统改进中加以考虑。