The aim of the paper is to investigate the role of dictionary form (paper versus electronic) in language reception, production and retention. The body of existing research does not give a clear answer as to which dictionary medium benefits users more. Divergent findings from many studies into the topic might stem from differences in research methodology (including the various tasks, participants and dictionaries used by different authors). Even a series of studies conducted by one researcher (Dziemianko, 2010, 2011, 2012b) leads to contradictory conclusions, possibly because of the use of paper and electronic versions of existing dictionaries, and the resulting problem with isolating dictionary form as a factor. To be able to argue with confidence that the results obtained follow from different dictionary formats, rather than presentation issues, research methodology should be improved. To successfully generalize about the significance of the medium for decoding, encoding and learning, the current study replicates previous research, but the presentation of lexicographic data on paper and on screen is now balanced, and the paper/electronic opposition is operationalized more appropriately. A real online dictionary and its paper-based counterpart composed of printouts of screen displays were used in the experiment in which the meaning of English nouns and phrases was explained, and collocations were completed with missing prepositions. A delayed post-test checked the retention of the meanings and collocations. The results indicate that dictionary medium does not play a statistically significant role in reception and production, but it considerably affects retention.

中文翻译：

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解码、编码和保留中的字典形式：进一步的见解

本文的目的是研究字典形式（纸质与电子）在语言接收、生产和保留中的作用。现有研究的主体并没有明确回答哪种词典媒体对用户更有利。许多对该主题的研究的不同发现可能源于研究方法的差异（包括不同作者使用的各种任务、参与者和词典）。即使是一位研究人员进行的一系列研究（Dziemianko, 2010, 2011, 2012b）也得出了相互矛盾的结论，这可能是因为使用了现有词典的纸质和电子版本，以及由此产生的将词典形式作为一个因素的问题。为了能够自信地争论所获得的结果来自不同的字典格式，而不是表示问题，研究方法应改进。为了成功概括媒体对解码、编码和学习的重要性，目前的研究重复了以前的研究，但词典数据在纸上和屏幕上的呈现现在是平衡的，纸/电子对立的操作更合适。实验中使用了真实的在线词典及其由屏幕显示的打印输出组成的纸质副本，解释了英语名词和短语的含义，并在缺少介词的情况下完成了搭配。延迟的后测检查了含义和搭配的保留情况。结果表明，词典媒体在接收和生产中没有发挥统计学上显着的作用，但它对保留率有很大影响。