Novel forms of teamwork—created by rapid change and growing diversity among collaborators—are increasingly common, and they present substantial methodological challenges for research. We highlight two aspects of new team forms that challenge conventional methods. Factors pertaining to change (e.g., in membership) create entitativity challenges such as whom to count as team members, while factors pertaining to difference (e.g., in expertise) create concordance challenges such as how to interpret disagreement in groups. We review research methods that are well-suited to each of these specific challenges. We identify the particular challenges of studying teams that exhibit high difference and change simultaneously and call for adaptive methods that enable insight into how they work. Clarity about the dimensions of deviation from ideal team forms, along with shared terminology, will help researchers make and discuss tough methodological choices and assist reviewers in evaluating them.

由快速变化和合作者之间不断变化的多样性所创造的新型团队合作形式越来越普遍，它们为研究提出了巨大的方法论挑战。我们重点介绍了挑战常规方法的新团队形式的两个方面。关于变化（例如，在会员）因素造成entitativity挑战，比如谁算作队员，同时因素有关差异（例如，在专业）创建一致性，如何在小组解释分歧的挑战，。我们回顾了适合这些特定挑战的研究方法。我们确定了表现出很大差异和同时进行更改，并呼吁采用自适应方法，以便深入了解其工作方式。明确偏离理想团队形式的维度以及共同的术语，将有助于研究人员做出和讨论艰难的方法选择，并协助审阅者评估它们。