English outweighs other languages as a source for linguistic borrowing in present-day Norwegian. Most of the research on this topic has considered direct lexical loans, yet observations indicate that English is increasingly burrowing its way below the lexical surface of Norwegian – evident in the rising number of calques. This study investigates how a selection of recently observed multiword calques from English are evaluated by native Norwegian speakers. This is examined through acceptability judgements among young bilingual Norwegians (n= 83, mean age 18), and among two control groups comprising 10 bilingual adults (mean age 55) and 16 minimally bilingual seniors (mean age 75), respectively. A translation test was included to compare the judgements against production data. Based on our overall findings, we suggest that increased calquing is a sign of heightened proficiency in and exposure to the English language.

中文翻译：

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英语 L2 对挪威语 L1 的影响

作为当今挪威语中语言借用的来源，英语胜过其他语言。大多数关于这个主题的研究都考虑了直接词汇借用，但观察表明，英语正越来越多地钻入挪威语的词汇表面之下——这从不断增加的 calques 数量就可以看出。本研究调查了以挪威语为母语的人如何评估最近观察到的英语多词小词。这是通过年轻的双语挪威人的可接受性判断来检查的（n= 83，平均年龄 18 岁），两个对照组分别包括 10 名双语成年人（平均年龄 55 岁）和 16 名最低限度双语老年人（平均年龄 75 岁）。包括翻译测试，以将判断与生产数据进行比较。根据我们的总体调查结果，我们认为增加的 calquing 是提高英语水平和接触英语的标志。