The European Court of Human Rights has struggled to integrate the lived experience of migrants into the legal reasoning that underlies a determination of human rights violations. This article introduces the concept of migratory vulnerability in an effort to remedy that shortcoming by making an already existing legal principle fit for the daunting task posed by migration cases. The objective is to preserve (and potentially expand) the legal effects of the principle of vulnerability whilst approximating it to the more consistent conception of vulnerability theorists, which would remove some of its ambiguities and negative side effects. Migratory vulnerability describes a cluster of objective, socially induced, and temporary characteristics that affect persons to varying extents and in different forms. It therefore should be conceptualized neither as group membership nor as a purely individual characteristic, but rather determined on a case-by-case basis and in reference to identifiable social processes. Depending on its specific expression, migratory vulnerability may give rise to distinct legal effects such as enlarged scopes of protection, shifts in the burden of proof, procedural and positive obligations, a narrower margin of appreciation, and possibly even the ‘triggering’ of proceedings under Article 14 ECHR.

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欧洲人权法院面临移民脆弱性的挑战

欧洲人权法院一直在努力将移民的生活经历纳入作为确定侵犯人权行为基础的法律推理中。本文介绍了移民脆弱性的概念，试图通过使现有的法律原则适合移民案件带来的艰巨任务来弥补这一缺陷。目标是保留（并可能扩大）脆弱性原则的法律效力，同时使其接近脆弱性理论家更一致的概念，这将消除其一些模糊性和负面影响。迁徙脆弱性描述了一组客观的、社会诱发的和暂时的特征，它们在不同程度上以不同形式影响人们。因此，不应将其概念化为群体成员或纯粹的个人特征，而应根据具体情况并参考可识别的社会过程来确定。根据其具体表现，移民脆弱性可能会产生不同的法律效果，例如扩大保护范围、转移举证责任、程序性义务和积极义务、更窄的估价幅度，甚至可能“触发”根据第 14 条欧洲人权公约。