This lecture explores the place of justice, accountability and remedies in the global agenda against terror, illustrated by a case study on Iraq and the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL.) The two international regimes traditionally applicable to the acts of armed groups, including “terrorist groups”, are international criminal law and international humanitarian law. The lecture argues that they carry each strong limitations, such as those related to the ‘‘armed conflict’’ nexus requirement. This lecture shows that a third regime, international counter-terrorism, has developed over the last two decades and become the de facto legal regime for armed non-State actors. This regime has displaced and weakened international humanitarian and criminal law while further eroding victims’ protection and accountability. The lecture further suggests that all three legal frameworks fail to capture the nature of control exercised by armed groups such as ISIL, and the extent of their functions, including those amounting to governance. The lecture argues that such functions can best be apprehended through international human rights law (IHRL). Tracing armed groups’ human rights obligations and legal personality to treaty and customary law, the lecture concludes with proposals to hold armed groups accountable under IHRL as well as possible approaches to strengthen accountability for crimes committed by ISIL.

中文翻译：

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走向适用于武装团体的国际人权法

本讲座探讨了正义、问责制和补救措施在全球反恐议程中的地位，并通过关于伊拉克和伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国 (ISIL) 的案例研究加以说明。这两种传统上适用于武装团体行为的国际制度，包括“恐怖组织”，是国际刑法和国际人道主义法。讲座认为，它们都具有很强的局限性，例如与“武装冲突”关系要求相关的局限性。本次讲座表明，第三种制度，即国际反恐，在过去二十年中发展起来，并成为武装非国家行为者事实上的法律制度。这一制度取代并削弱了国际人道主义法和刑法，同时进一步削弱了对受害者的保护和问责。讲座进一步表明，所有三个法律框架都未能涵盖伊黎伊斯兰国等武装团体所行使控制的性质及其职能的范围，包括相当于治理的职能。讲座认为，通过国际人权法 (IHRL) 可以最好地理解此类功能。讲座将武装团体的人权义务和法律人格追溯到条约和习惯法，最后提出了根据国际人权法追究武装团体责任的建议，以及加强对伊黎伊斯兰国所犯罪行问责的可能方法。讲座认为，通过国际人权法 (IHRL) 可以最好地理解此类功能。讲座将武装团体的人权义务和法律人格追溯到条约和习惯法，最后提出了根据国际人权法追究武装团体责任的建议，以及加强对伊黎伊斯兰国所犯罪行问责的可能方法。讲座认为，通过国际人权法 (IHRL) 可以最好地理解此类功能。讲座将武装团体的人权义务和法律人格追溯到条约和习惯法，最后提出了根据国际人权法追究武装团体责任的建议，以及加强对伊黎伊斯兰国所犯罪行问责的可能方法。