ABSTRACT The revolution in metaphor studies has revealed the motivating presence of underlying conceptual metaphors in people’s use and understanding of metaphorical language and gesture. Metaphorical expression is typically viewed now as bodily enactment of mentally represented metaphorical concepts. My aim in this article is to advance the idea that metaphorical performances are always part of dynamical, ecological cognition and must always be characterized as embodied, enactive, embedded, and extended. The dynamical–ecological perspective emphasizes how human thought and action continuously change over time with metaphor, more specifically, emerging in partial and probabilistic ways given what particular ecologies best afford. I describe different metaphorical performances as they arise in varying situations as people face adaptive challenges. Part of my claim is that metaphorical meanings only exist within the context of their bodily articulations in specific ecological contexts. Embracing a dynamical–ecological approach to metaphor comes with the significant conclusion that metaphor is not a discrete event or activity that is suddenly “there” inside people’s minds but is a dynamical constraint on action that is distributed across brains, bodies, and real-world ecologies.

中文翻译：

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作为动力-生态表现的隐喻

摘要 隐喻研究的革命揭示了在人们对隐喻语言和手势的使用和理解中潜在的概念隐喻的存在。隐喻表达现在通常被视为心理表征的隐喻概念的身体表现。我在这篇文章中的目的是提出这样一种观点，即隐喻表演总是动态的、生态的认知的一部分，必须始终被表征为具身性、活动性、嵌入性和扩展性。动力-生态视角强调人类的思想和行动如何随着时间的推移不断变化，更具体地说，在特定生态最能承受的情况下，以部分和概率的方式出现。当人们面临适应性挑战时，我描述了在不同情况下出现的不同隐喻表现。我的部分主张是，隐喻意义只存在于特定生态环境中的身体表达的环境中。采用动态-生态隐喻方法得出的重要结论是，隐喻不是突然出现在人们脑海中的离散事件或活动，而是对分布在大脑、身体和现实世界中的行为的动态约束生态。