Judgments of learning (JOLs), as one type of metacognitive judgments, are assessments that people make about how well they have learned material. The effective use of JOLs depends on various factors, including task-specific variables and the learner’s own metacognitive resources. Little has been known about the relationship between JOL accuracy for memory predictions and metacognitive ability, which is an emerging theory-practice gap in the field of metacognition. The present study investigated the relationship between the absolute accuracy of JOLs and the metacognitive awareness inventory (MAI), using concrete and abstract word pairs through three study-test cycles. We found that participants who scored high on the MAI, also produced a high level of absolute accuracy on each study-test cycle. The results from mediation analyses yielded that the impact of the MAI on absolute accuracy on cycle 3 was completely mediated by absolute accuracy on the first two cycles for both concrete and abstract word pairs. In addition, the same pattern of results was obtained even when a subset of the MAI (either knowledge or regulation of cognition) was used. These indicate that trait-based metacognitive abilities can well explain the correspondence between JOLs and recall performance on the first test. However, their impact is reduced after study-test practice, suggesting that experience-based factors become critical to improving metacognitive accuracy.

中文翻译：

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元认知能力与元认知准确度的关系

作为一种元认知判断，学习判断（JOL）是人们对自己对材料的学习程度进行的评估。JOL的有效使用取决于多种因素，包括特定于任务的变量和学习者自己的元认知资源。关于记忆预测的JOL准确性与元认知能力之间的关系鲜为人知，这是元认知领域新兴的理论与实践差距。本研究通过三个学习测试周期中的具体和抽象词对，研究了JOL的绝对准确性与元认知意识清单（MAI）之间的关系。我们发现，在MAI上得分较高的参与者在每个学习测试周期中也产生了很高的绝对准确性。中介分析的结果表明，对于具体词对和抽象词对，MAI对周期3的绝对准确性的影响完全由前两个周期的绝对准确性来介导。此外，即使使用了一部分MAI（知识或认知调节），也可获得相同的结果模式。这些表明基于特征的元认知能力可以很好地解释JOL与第一次测试的回忆表现之间的对应关系。但是，经过研究测试实践后，它们的影响减小了，这表明基于经验的因素对于提高元认知的准确性至关重要。即使使用了一部分MAI（知识或认知调节），也能获得相同的结果。这些表明基于特征的元认知能力可以很好地解释JOL与第一次测试的回忆表现之间的对应关系。但是，经过研究测试实践后，它们的影响减小了，这表明基于经验的因素对于提高元认知的准确性至关重要。即使使用了一部分MAI（知识或认知调节），也能获得相同的结果。这些表明基于特征的元认知能力可以很好地解释JOL与第一次测试的回忆表现之间的对应关系。但是，经过研究测试实践后，它们的影响减小了，这表明基于经验的因素对于提高元认知的准确性至关重要。