This article addresses the question of how the emergence of a cluster in a global innovation system is influenced by early entrants. It does so by presenting an explorative study of the emerging digital creative industries cluster in Bangalore. I find that MNE entrants develop production and technological capabilities comparatively fast within a narrow range of value chain activities with limited spillovers to the cluster. In comparison, local entrants develop such capabilities more slowly, but within a broader range of value chain activities and with higher spillovers of skills and knowledge, as well as higher participation to building a local entrepreneurial ecosystem. I propose that these effects are moderated by the size of national consumer markets as well as industry context in the guise of project lengths and technological modularity. I also point to the role of global connectivity, proposing that local entrants, in particular, leverage international personal relationships for development of not only relational, but also production capabilities.

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早期进入者如何影响集群的出现：班加罗尔数字创意产业中的跨国公司与本地公司

本文探讨了全球创新体系中集群的出现如何受到早期进入者的影响的问题。它通过对班加罗尔新兴的数字创意产业集群进行探索性研究来做到这一点。我发现跨国企业的进入者在价值链活动范围较窄的范围内发展生产和技术能力相对较快，对集群的溢出效应有限。相比之下，本地进入者发展此类能力的速度较慢，但​​在更广泛的价值链活动范围内，技能和知识的溢出更高，以及对构建本地创业生态系统的参与度更高。我建议这些影响受到国家消费市场的规模以及以项目长度和技术模块化为幌子的行业背景的缓和。