This paper examines a little studied type of perspective shift that I call protagonist projection (PP), following Holton (J Pragmat 28(5):625–628, 1997). (Other names for what is arguably the same phenomenon include non-reflective conscioussness, represented perception, viewpoint shift, etc.) PP is a way of describing the mental state of a protagonist that conveys, to some extent, her perspective. Similarly to its better known cousin free indirect discourse (FID), the shift in perspective is achieved without an overt operator. Unlike FID, PP is not based on a presumed (possibly silent) speech-act of a protagonist. Rather, it gives a linguistic form to pre-verbal perceptual content, sensations, feelings or implicit beliefs. I propose to analyse PP in a bi-contextual framework, extending Eckardt’s (The semantics of free indirect discourse: How texts allow us tomind-read and eavesdrop, Brill, Leiden, 2014) approach to FID. Under the resulting analysis, FID and PP are two instances of a more general category of perspective shift.

中文翻译：

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视角转变的范围：主角投射与自由间接话语

这篇论文根据霍尔顿 (J Pragmat 28(5):625–628, 1997) 研究了一种我称之为主角投射 (PP) 的研究型视角转换。（可以说是相同现象的其他名称包括非反射意识、表征感知、视点转移等。）PP 是一种描述主角心理状态的方式，在某种程度上传达了她的观点。与其更广为人知的表亲自由间接话语 (FID) 类似，视角的转变是在没有明显运算符的情况下实现的。与 FID 不同，PP 不是基于假设的（可能是无声的）主角的言语行为。相反，它为前语言的感知内容、感觉、感觉或隐含的信念提供了一种语言形式。我建议在双语境框架中分析 PP，扩展 Eckardt 的（自由间接话语的语义：文本如何让我们思考和窃听，Brill, Leiden, 2014) FID 方法。根据结果​​分析，FID 和 PP 是更一般的视角转换类别的两个实例。