In this paper, I give an account of degree achievements in Southern Aymara, an understudied Andean language. I focus on degree achievements that are derived from gradable bases by means of the verbal suffix -cha, e.g., llusk’a-cha-na ‘to straighten’ or q’anu-cha-na ‘to dirty’. I provide arguments suggesting that Aymara should be analyzed as a degree language (Bochnak in Semant Pragmat 8(6):1–48, 2015b). I further propose an analysis of Aymara degree achievements in terms of a differential measure function (Kennedy and Levin, in: McNally, Kennedy (eds) Adjectives and adverbs: syntax, semantics and discourse. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 156–182, 2008) The main point argued for in this paper is that this language has two degree morphemes in competition (Heim, in: von Stechow, Wunderlich (eds) Semantik: ein internationales Handbuch der zeitgenossischen Forschung. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 487–535, 1991) combining with degree achievements, namely, a covert verbal positive morpheme v.pos and the overt morpheme -su. The latter restricts the standard of comparison to change where maximal values are reached, so it is preferred over v.pos when such values are targeted. v.pos is thus felicitous when the maximum is not reached. I propose an initial typology that distinguishes how telicity is achieved cross-linguistically when degree achievements are considered.

中文翻译：

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南艾马拉竞争中的学位成就和学位语素

在本文中，我将介绍南艾马拉语（一种未被充分研究的安第斯语言）的学位成就。我专注于通过语言后缀 -cha 从可分级基础中获得的学位成就，例如，llusk'a-cha-na 'to拉直'或 q'anu-cha-na 'todirty'。我提供的论据表明应该将艾马拉语作为一种学位语言进行分析（Bochnak in Semant Pragmat 8(6):1-48, 2015b）。我进一步建议在微分测量函数方面对艾马拉学位的成就进行分析（肯尼迪和莱文，在：麦克纳利，肯尼迪（编辑）形容词和副词：句法、语义和话语。牛津大学出版社，牛津，第 156-182 页， 2008）这篇论文的主要观点是这种语言在竞争中具有两个度数语素（Heim，在：von Stechow，Wunderlich (eds) Semantik：ein Internationales Handbuch der zeitgenossischen Forschung。Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 487–535, 1991) 与学位成就相结合，即隐蔽的口头积极语素 v.pos 和公开的语素 -su。后者将比较标准限制在达到最大值时的变化，因此当这些值被定位时，它比 v.pos 更受欢迎。因此，当未达到最大值时， v.pos 是合适的。我提出了一个初步的类型学，它区分了在考虑学位成就时如何跨语言实现远程性。pos 当这些值被定位时。因此，当未达到最大值时， v.pos 是合适的。我提出了一个初步的类型学，它区分了在考虑学位成就时如何跨语言实现远程性。pos 当这些值被定位时。因此，当未达到最大值时， v.pos 是合适的。我提出了一个初步的类型学，它区分了在考虑学位成就时如何跨语言实现远程性。