This paper identifies two paradigms of vicarious liability. One is an established paradigm of ‘liberal agency’ found in cases where owner-managers ‘act through’ workers, with whom they have personal relations, in undertaking work tasks. The second paradigm is found in cases concerning bureaucratic organisations, which are characterised by chains of command and variegated decision-making procedures. Courts have grounded organisational responsibility in features such as structure, hierarchy, and control, which this paper uses to construct a model of the ‘deterrable organisation’. The deterrable organisation has important capacities to effect change in behaviour that courts rely on in order to prevent worker wrongdoing. The paper tests the viability of the model against the empirical literature and argues that courts could improve outcomes by a more targeted use of powers to award remedies.

中文翻译：

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建模组织替代责任

本文确定了替代责任的两种范式。一个是既定的“自由代理”范式，在业主经理“通过”与他们有私人关系的工人执行工作任务的情况下发现。第二种范式见于有关官僚组织的案例，其特点是指挥链和多样化的决策程序。法院将组织责任建立在结构、等级和控制等特征上，本文使用这些特征来构建“可威慑组织”的模型。可威慑组织具有重要的能力来改变法院依赖的行为以防止工人的不当行为。