Objective

Snyder's (1994) hope and Scheier and Carver's (1985) optimism have been shown to independently predict academic performance and changes in subjective well-being. This study seeks to clarify their unique associations.

Method

An undergraduate class (N = 334, 59.6% female, 75.7% Caucasian, M = 19.89 years) was studied at two time points in a semester. Students predicted their expected grade in the course and completed measures of hope, optimism, and subjective well-being (i.e., positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction) the first week of classes. The final week of classes, students completed subjective well-being measures and final grades were obtained from the instructor.

Results

Path analysis showed that hope, but not optimism, predicted grade expectancy. Grade expectancy, in turn, predicted final grades, even after controlling for previous academic achievement. Hope did not directly predict final course grade, but had a significant indirect effect through grade expectancy. Path analysis showed that hope significantly predicted increases in positive affect and life satisfaction over the semester; whereas, optimism predicted decreases in negative affect.

Conclusion

These findings extend previous research demonstrating that hope and optimism, while conceptually similar, have differential longitudinal associations with academic performance and subjective well-being among college students. Implications for screening for at-risk college students and employing targeted interventions are discussed.

中文翻译：

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希望和乐观是大学生学习成绩和主观幸福感的预测指标

目的

Snyder（1994）的希望和Scheier and Carver（1985）的乐观已被证明可以独立预测学业成绩和主观幸福感的变化。本研究旨在阐明它们的独特关联。

方法

 在一个学期的两个时间点研究了一个本科班（N = 334，女性59.6％，白人75.7％，M = 19.89岁）。学生在上课的第一周预测了他们在课程中的预期成绩，并完成了对希望，乐观和主观幸福感（即积极影响，消极影响和生活满意度）的评估。在课程的最后一周，学生完成了主观幸福感测量，并且最终获得了老师的成绩。

结果

路径分析表明，希望而不是乐观预测了年级期望。预期成绩反过来可以预测最终成绩，即使在控制了先前的学习成绩之后。希望并不能直接预测最终课程的成绩，但可以通过成绩期望产生显着的间接影响。路径分析表明，希望显着预测了整个学期积极情感和生活满意度的提高；相反，乐观预计负面影响会减少。

结论

这些发现扩展了以前的研究，表明希望和乐观虽然在概念上相似，但与大学生的学业成绩和主观幸福感存在不同的纵向联系。讨论了筛选高危大学生和采用有针对性的干预措施的含义。