Control-value theory (CVT) explains how achievement emotions arise. CVT assumes control and value appraisals and their interaction are proximal antecedents of achievement emotions, and the structure of relationships between these constructs are independent of culture and gender. Using the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006 data collected from nationally representative samples of 15-year-olds from 57 countries, this study attempted to test these assumptions for enjoyment of science by employing structural equation models with latent interactions. The results showed that control (science self-concept), personal value of science, and utility value (instrumental motivation to learn science) had large positive effects on enjoyment of science. The interactions were enhancing and statistically significant but effect sizes were very small. There were differences among countries with respect to the relative importance of control and value appraisals on enjoyment. The results showed that structural relationships can be considered equivalent across 57 countries and both genders.

控制价值理论（CVT）解释成就感如何产生。CVT假设控制和价值评估，并且它们之间的相互作用是成就情感的近因，这些构成之间的关系结构与文化和性别无关。使用从57个国家/地区的15岁国家代表样本中收集的2006年国际学生评估计划（PISA）数据，本研究尝试通过采用具有潜在相互作用的结构方程模型来检验这些假设是否适合科学。结果表明，控制（科学的自我概念），科学的个人价值和效用价值（学习科学的工具动机）对科学的享受有很大的积极影响。相互作用正在增强且具有统计学意义，但效应量很小。各国在享乐控制和价值评估的相对重要性方面存在差异。结果表明，在57个国家和地区，男女之间的结构关系可以认为是相等的。