Decades of research and billions of dollars have been spent to develop and evaluate evidence-based interventions and develop multitiered systems of support (MTSS) toward the goal of more effectively delivering interventions and improving student outcomes. Available evidence, however, suggests interventions are often adopted slowly and delivered with poor fidelity, resulting in uninspiring outcomes for students. The field of implementation science has emerged to address the science-to-practice gap in human service sectors (e.g., education) as a way of improving service recipient (e.g., student) outcomes. For the considerable investment in school-based intervention development and evaluation to have a significant public health impact for students, educators must integrate key findings from implementation science into their practice and research. Toward this end, the purpose of this article is four-fold. First, it overviews implementation science and implementation theories, models, and frameworks. Second, it discusses the relevance of implementation science and fidelity to both the systems-level implementation of MTSS and individual-level implementation of interventions to students with learning disability (LD). Third, it reviews the unique legal aspects related to service implementation for students with LD and the gap between state-level mandates and available science. Finally, it provides additional resources and recommendations for readers.

中文翻译：

---

学习障碍领域的执行保真度

为了更有效地提供干预措施并改善学生的学习成绩，已经花费了数十年的研究和数十亿美元来开发和评估基于证据的干预措施，并开发多层支持系统（MTSS）。但是，现有证据表明，干预措施通常采用缓慢且保真度较差，给学生带来令人鼓舞的结果。实施科学领域已经出现，以解决人类服务部门（例如教育）在科学与实践之间的差距，以此作为改善服务接受者（例如学生）成果的一种方式。为了在校本干预开发和评估方面投入大量资金，并对学生的公共健康产生重大影响，教育工作者必须将实施科学的主要发现纳入他们的实践和研究中。为此，本文的目的有四个方面。首先，它概述了实施科学以及实施理论，模型和框架。其次，它讨论了实施科学和保真度与MTSS的系统级实施和针对学习障碍学生（LD）的个人级实施干预的相关性。第三，它回顾了与LD学生实施服务有关的独特法律方面，以及州级授权与现有科学之间的差距。最后，它为读者提供了其他资源和建议。它讨论了实施科学和保真度与MTSS的系统级实施和针对学习障碍学生（LD）的个人级实施干预的相关性。第三，它回顾了与LD学生实施服务有关的独特法律方面，以及州级授权与现有科学之间的差距。最后，它为读者提供了其他资源和建议。它讨论了实施科学和保真度与MTSS的系统级实施和针对学习障碍学生（LD）的个人级实施干预的相关性。第三，它回顾了与LD学生实施服务有关的独特法律方面，以及州级授权与现有科学之间的差距。最后，它为读者提供了其他资源和建议。