A common assumption is that paternalism generates a special, and especially grievous, insult. Identifying this distinctive insult is then presented as the key to unlocking the concept and determining its moral significance. I submit that there is no special insult. It is, rather, a particular form that a lack of recognition respect can take. Attempting to capture the special insult has led us into confusion. In particular, it has led theorists to abandon the idea that paternalists must act for the sake of the individual whose agency they supplant, and even the notion that paternalistic action requires a distinctive motivation at all. I argue that paternalistic actions must come from a place of care and concern for the paternalised agent and show that this explains the moral significance of paternalism since it tempers the general insult that such actions deliver and provides a partial defence when paternalism is misguided.

中文翻译：

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家长作风的侮辱有什么特别之处？

一个普遍的假设是，家长作风会产生一种特殊的、尤其是严重的侮辱。然后，识别这种独特的侮辱是解开这一概念并确定其道德意义的关键。我认为没有特别的侮辱。相反，这是一种缺乏承认尊重可能采取的特殊形式。试图捕捉这种特殊的侮辱让我们感到困惑。特别是，它导致理论家放弃了家长式行动必须为他们所取代的个人而行动的观点，甚至放弃了家长式行动需要独特动机的观点。