abstractIconicity is often defined as the resemblance between a form and a given meaning, while transparency is defined as the ability to infer a given meaning based on the form. This study examined the influence of knowledge of American Sign Language (ASL) on the perceived iconicity of signs and the relationship between iconicity, transparency (correctly guessed signs), ‘perceived transparency’ (transparency ratings of the guesses), and ‘semantic potential’ (the diversity (H index) of guesses). Experiment 1 compared iconicity ratings by deaf ASL signers and hearing non-signers for 991 signs from the ASL-LEX database. Signers and non-signers’ ratings were highly correlated; however, the groups provided different iconicity ratings for subclasses of signs: nouns vs. verbs, handling vs. entity, and one- vs. two-handed signs. In Experiment 2, non-signers guessed the meaning of 430 signs and rated them for how transparent their guessed meaning would be for others. Only 10% of guesses were correct. Iconicity ratings correlated with transparency (correct guesses), perceived transparency ratings, and semantic potential (H index). Further, some iconic signs were perceived as non-transparent and vice versa. The study demonstrates that linguistic knowledge mediates perceived iconicity distinctly from gesture and highlights critical distinctions between iconicity, transparency (perceived and objective), and semantic potential.

中文翻译：

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美国手语中形式和意义之间的感知映射取决于语言知识和任务：来自象似性和透明度判断的证据

摘要图标性通常被定义为形式与给定含义之间的相似性，而透明度被定义为基于形式推断给定含义的能力。本研究考察了美国手语 (ASL) 知识对标志的感知象似性的影响以及象似性、透明度（正确猜测的标志）、“感知透明度”（猜测的透明度等级）和“语义潜力”之间的关系（猜测的多样性（H 指数））。实验 1 比较了聋人 ASL 手语者和听力非手语者对 ASL-LEX 数据库中 991 个手语的象似性评级。签名者和非签名者的评分高度相关；然而，这些组为标志的子类提供了不同的象似性评级：名词与动词、处理与实体以及单手标志与双手标志。在实验 2 中，非手语者猜测了 430 个符号的含义，并根据他们猜到的含义对其他人的透明程度对它们进行评分。只有 10% 的猜测是正确的。标志性评级与透明度（正确猜测）、感知透明度评级和语义潜力（H 指数）相关。此外，一些标志性标志被认为是不透明的，反之亦然。该研究表明，语言知识对感知的象似性有明显的中介作用，并强调了象似性、透明度（感知的和客观的）和语义潜力之间的关键区别。此外，一些标志性标志被认为是不透明的，反之亦然。该研究表明，语言知识对感知的象似性有明显的中介作用，并强调了象似性、透明度（感知的和客观的）和语义潜力之间的关键区别。此外，一些标志性标志被认为是不透明的，反之亦然。该研究表明，语言知识对感知的象似性有明显的中介作用，并强调了象似性、透明度（感知的和客观的）和语义潜力之间的关键区别。