abstractThis paper presents a cross-linguistic investigation of a constraint on the use on intrinsic frames of reference proposed by Levelt (1984, 1996). This proposed constraint claims that use of intrinsic frames when the ground object is in non-canonical position is blocked due to conflict with gravitational-based reference frames. Regression models of the data from Arabic, K’iche’, Spanish, Yucatec, and Zapotec suggest that this constraint is valid across languages. However, the strength at which the constraint operates is predicted by the frequency of canonical intrinsic frames in the particular language. The ratio of the incidence of intrinsic usage with canonical vs. non-canonical orientation appears to be remarkably uniform across languages, which suggests the possibility of a strong cognitive universal.

中文翻译：

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规范取向原则：跨语言研究

摘要本文介绍了对 Levelt (1984, 1996) 提出的内在参照系使用约束的跨语言研究。该提议的约束声称，当地面物体处于非规范位置时，由于与基于重力的参考系发生冲突，无法使用固有坐标系。来自阿拉伯语、K'iche'、西班牙语、Yucatec 和 Zapotec 的数据的回归模型表明，这种约束在各种语言中都是有效的。然而，约束作用的强度是通过特定语言中规范内在框架的频率来预测的。具有规范与非规范方向的内在用法的发生率在不同语言中似乎非常一致，这表明存在强大的认知普遍性的可能性。