This paper examines individual differences in constraints on linguistic variation in light of Labov's (2007) proposal that adult change (diffusion) disrupts systems of constraints and Tamminga, MacKenzie, and Embick's (2016) typology of constraints. It is shown that, in pooling data from multiple speakers, some of the complexity in structured community variation may be overlooked. Data on rhoticity from speakers of Bristol English are compared to 34 previous studies of rhoticity in varieties of English around the world. Constraints found to be consistent across varieties are also found to be consistent across speakers of Bristol English, whereas those that differ between varieties also differ between individuals, implying that only those which differ are truly part of the grammar, and that these are indeed disrupted by diffusion.

中文翻译：

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每个 p[ɚ]son 都以 [εː] 方式执行：Rhoticity 变异和社区语法

本文根据 Labov (2007) 提出的成人变化（扩散）破坏了约束系统的提议以及 Tamminga、MacKenzie 和 Embick (2016) 的约束类型，研究了语言变异约束的个体差异。结果表明，在汇集来自多个说话者的数据时，结构化社区变化中的一些复杂性可能会被忽略。将 Bristol 英语使用者的 rhoticity 数据与之前 34 项世界各地英语变体的 roticity 研究进行了比较。发现在不同品种间一致的约束条件在说布里斯托尔英语的人之间也是一致的，而不同品种间的差异在个体之间也有所不同，这意味着只有那些不同的才是真正的语法的一部分，而且这些确实被打乱了扩散。