Korean has a typologically unusual three-way laryngeal contrast in voiceless stops among aspirated, lenis, and fortis stops. Seoul Korean is undergoing a female-led sound change in which aspirated stops and lenis stops are merging in voice onset time (VOT) and are better distinguished by the F0 (fundamental frequency) of the following vowel than by their VOT, in younger speakers' speech. This paper compares the VOT pattern of Homeland (Seoul) and Heritage (Toronto) Korean speakers and finds that the same change is in progress in both. However, in the heritage variety, younger speakers do not advance the change, unlike their Seoul counterparts. Rather they have leveled off or are perhaps reversing the change, and there is very little sex difference among the younger heritage speakers' patterns. We consider possible accounts of the differences between the Seoul and Toronto patterns, building our understanding of how language-internal variation operates in bilingual speakers, a topic that has received relatively less attention in the variationist literature.

中文翻译：

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VOT合并在多伦多的Heritage Korean

韩语在送气音、双音音和强音音之间的清音塞音中有一种不同寻常的喉部三向对比。首尔韩语正在经历女性主导的声音变化，其中送气停顿和列停顿在语音起始时间（VOT）上合并，并且在年轻的演讲者中，下一个元音的 F0（基频）比他们的 VOT 更好地区分。演讲。本文比较了 Homeland（首尔）和 Heritage（多伦多）韩语使用者的 VOT 模式，发现两者都在进行同样的变化。然而，在传统品种中，与首尔同行不同，年轻的演讲者并没有推动变革。相反，他们已经趋于平稳，或者可能正在扭转这种变化，年轻的传统说话者的模式之间几乎没有性别差异。