The spread of the new quotative be like throughout the English-speaking world is a change from above for each community that receives it. Diffusion of this form into Philadelphia is traced through the yearly interviews of the Philadelphia Neighborhood Corpus, beginning with young adults in 1979 and spreading to adolescents in 1990, a generation later. The first users of be like form the Avant Garde, young adults with extensive awareness of linguistic patterns within and without the city. The use of this quotative in Philadelphia is favored by constraints that are found elsewhere, particularly to introduce inner speech that is not intended to be heard by others and to cite exemplars of a range of utterances. Not previously reported is a strong tendency to be favored for quotations with initial exclamations, prototypically expressions of surprise and alarm such as “Oh” and “Oh my god!”.

中文翻译：

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先锋派在语言传播中的作用

新报价的传播像在整个英语世界中，每个接受它的社区都发生了自上而下的变化。这种形式在费城的扩散可以通过费城社区语料库的年度采访来追踪，从 1979 年的年轻人开始，到 1990 年的青少年，一代人之后。的第一批用户像形成前卫，对城市内外语言模式有广泛认识的年轻人。在费城使用这种引语受到其他地方的限制，特别是引入不打算被其他人听到的内心言语并引用一系列话语的例子。以前没有报道的是，有一种强烈的倾向是倾向于使用带有初始感叹的引语，典型的惊讶和警告表达，例如“哦”和“哦，我的上帝！”。