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Dialect, language, nation: 50 years on
Language Policy ( IF 2.355 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-01 , DOI: 10.1007/s10993-020-09549-x
John E. Joseph , Gijsbert Rutten , Rik Vosters

Over 50 years ago, the Norwegian-American linguist Einar Haugen published a seminal paper entitled ‘Dialect, language and nation’ (Am Anthropol 68:922–935, 1966b), in which he expounds his four-step model of standardization, explaining the development from dialect to standard following a process of norm selection, codification, acceptance and elaboration. In this article, we start by discussing the life and work of Einar Haugen, situating him within the history of linguistic thought throughout his career. Next, we zoom in on his standardization framework more specifically, discussing the relevant aspects of his four-box matrix, but also comparing his initial proposals to later influential publications on the subject expanding on his ideas, most notably by Milroy and Milroy (Authority in language. Investigating language prescription and standardisation, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, 1985) and Joseph (The rise of language standards and standard languages, Frances Pinter, London, 1987b). Finally, we will proceed to give an overview of what we perceive to be major lacunae or shortcomings in Haugen’s standardization framework, focusing on specific elements missing, unclear or in need of refinement in one of the four originally defined steps, but also discussing Haugen’s fairly restrictive understanding of the directionality of language change, the narrow empirical scope of traditional standardization research, the crucial role played by ideology in the development of a standard variety, and the strong monolingual bias and relative absence of language contact in traditional accounts of standardization.

中文翻译:

方言、语言、民族:50 年

50 多年前,挪威裔美国语言学家 Einar Haugen 发表了一篇题为“方言、语言和民族”(Am Anthropol 68:922–935, 1966b)的开创性论文,其中阐述了他的四步标准化模型,解释了经过规范选择、编纂、接受和阐述的过程,从方言到标准的发展。在本文中,我们首先讨论 Einar Haugen 的生平和工作,将他置于整个职业生涯的语言思想史中。接下来,我们更具体地放大他的标准化框架,讨论他的四盒矩阵的相关方面,但也将他最初的建议与后来关于扩展他的想法的主题的有影响力的出版物进行了比较,最着名的是 Milroy 和 Milroy(Authority in语。调查语言处方和标准化,Routledge 和 Kegan Paul,伦敦,1985 年)和 Joseph(语言标准和标准语言的兴起,Frances Pinter,伦敦,1987b)。最后,我们将继续概述我们认为 Haugen 标准化框架中存在的主要缺陷或缺陷,重点关注在最初定义的四个步骤之一中缺失、不清楚或需要改进的特定元素,但也会讨论 Haugen 的公平对语言变化方向的限制性理解,传统标准化研究的经验范围狭窄,意识形态在标准变体的发展中发挥的关键作用,以及在标准化的传统解释中强烈的单语偏见和语言接触的相对缺乏。1985) 和 Joseph(语言标准和标准语言的兴起,Frances Pinter,伦敦,1987b)。最后,我们将继续概述我们认为 Haugen 标准化框架中存在的主要缺陷或缺陷,重点关注在最初定义的四个步骤之一中缺失、不清楚或需要改进的特定元素,但也会讨论 Haugen 的公平对语言变化方向的限制性理解、传统标准化研究的经验范围狭窄、意识形态在标准变体发展中发挥的关键作用、以及在传统标准化解释中强烈的单语偏见和语言接触的相对缺乏。1985) 和 Joseph(语言标准和标准语言的兴起,Frances Pinter,伦敦,1987b)。最后,我们将继续概述我们认为 Haugen 标准化框架中存在的主要缺陷或缺陷,重点关注在最初定义的四个步骤之一中缺失、不清楚或需要改进的特定元素,但也会讨论 Haugen 的公平对语言变化方向的限制性理解,传统标准化研究的经验范围狭窄,意识形态在标准变体的发展中发挥的关键作用,以及在标准化的传统解释中强烈的单语偏见和语言接触的相对缺乏。
更新日期:2020-05-01
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