The question of whether intonation contours directly signal meaning is an old one. We revisit this question using vocatives in Colombian Spanish (Bogotá). We recorded speakers' productions in three pragmatic conditions – greeting, confirmation-seeking, and reprimand – and compared proper names (vocatives) to situation-specific one-word utterances, such as hola 'hello' (non-vocatives). Intonational analyses showed no direct one-to-one correspondence between the pragmatic conditions and intonation contours: (a) for vocatives, e.g., a rising–falling contour occurred in both greetings and reprimands, (b) for non-vocatives, e.g., a step-down contour (a.k.a. calling contour) occurred in both greeting and confirmationseeking conditions. Looking beyond intonation to consider other phonetic variables – spectral tilt, duration, alignment of tonal targets, f0-range, f0-slope – the results showed that the intonation contours that occurred in more than one pragmatic condition differed in phonetic realisation: e.g., rising–falling vocatives showed differences in f0-range of the rise and spectral tilt. However, the corresponding non-vocatives did not show the same differences. Furthermore, vocatives in greeting contexts were realised differently than non-vocatives in greeting contexts. In sum, the pragmatic condition affects the prosodic realisation of vocatives, but the relationship is complex. The results are discussed in the light of prosodic

中文翻译：

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目的塑造呼格：哥伦比亚西班牙语呼格的韵律实现 – 勘误

语调轮廓是否直接表示意义的问题是一个古老的问题。我们使用哥伦比亚西班牙语（波哥大）的呼格重新审视这个问题。我们在三种语用条件下录制了演讲者的作品——问候、寻求确认和谴责——并将专有名称（呼格）与特定情况的单字话语进行比较，例如hola 'hello'（非呼格）。语调分析显示语用条件和语调轮廓之间没有直接的一一对应关系：（a）对于呼格，例如，在问候和谴责中都出现上升-下降轮廓，（b）对于非呼格，例如，a逐步下降轮廓（又名调用轮廓）出现在问候和确认寻求条件中。超越语调考虑其他语音变量——谱倾斜、持续时间、音调目标、f0-范围、f0-斜率的对齐——结果表明，出现在不止一种语用条件下的语调轮廓在语音实现上有所不同：例如，上升-下降呼格显示上升和频谱的 f0 范围的差异倾斜。然而，相应的非呼格并没有表现出相同的差异。此外，问候语境中的呼格与问候语境中的非呼格的实现方式不同。总之，语用条件影响呼格的韵律实现，但关系复杂。根据韵律讨论结果 上升-下降呼格在上升和频谱倾斜的 f0 范围内表现出差异。然而，相应的非呼格并没有表现出相同的差异。此外，问候语境中的呼格与问候语境中的非呼格的实现方式不同。总之，语用条件影响呼格的韵律实现，但关系复杂。根据韵律讨论结果 上升-下降呼格在上升和频谱倾斜的 f0 范围内表现出差异。然而，相应的非呼格并没有表现出相同的差异。此外，问候语境中的呼格与问候语境中的非呼格的实现方式不同。总之，语用条件影响呼格的韵律实现，但关系复杂。根据韵律讨论结果