This paper presents a puzzle involving embedded attitude reports. We resolve the puzzle by arguing that attitude verbs take restricted readings: in some environments the denotation of attitude verbs can be restricted by a given proposition. For example, when these verbs are embedded in the consequent of a conditional, they can be restricted by the proposition expressed by the conditional’s antecedent. We formulate and motivate two conditions on the availability of verb restrictions: (i) a constraint that ties the content of restrictions to the “dynamic effects” of sentential connectives and (ii) a constraint that limits the availability of restriction effects to present tense verbs with first-person subjects. However, we also present some cases that make trouble for these conditions, and outline some possible ways of modifying the view to account for the recalcitrant data. We conclude with a brief discussion of some of the connections between our semantics for attitude verbs and issues concerning epistemic modals and theories of knowledge.

中文翻译：

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内在态度

本文提出了一个涉及嵌入式态度报告的难题。我们通过争论态度动词取有限的读物来解决这个难题：在某些环境中，姿势动词的外延可能受给定命题的限制。例如，当这些动词嵌入条件句的结果中时，它们可能会受到条件句的先行词所表达的命题的限制。我们针对动词限制的可用性制定和激励两个条件：（i）将限制的内容与句子连接词的“动态效果”联系起来的约束，以及（ii）将限制效果的可用性限制为现在时动词的约束与第一人称主题。但是，我们还介绍了一些在这些情况下造成麻烦的情况，并概述了一些修改视图以解决顽固数据的可能方法。最后，我们简短地讨论了态度动词的语义与认知模态和知识理论之间的联系。