Learning the basics of human anatomy is challenging for schoolchildren due to its three-dimensional nature and complexity as a system. This study created educational materials for learning about and teaching the human circulatory system based on augmented reality (AR) technology and a structure–behavior–function (SBF) model, including 2D/3D animations, a game, and a video to complement the current 2D representations in school textbooks. To evaluate the effectiveness of the materials developed, an instructional activity was carried out among fifty-one seventh- and eighth-grade students from a school in central Slovenia. A pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest for the instructional activity tested students’ knowledge, and their acceptance of the AR technology was explored through a questionnaire. The results showed significant improvements in students’ understanding of the basic anatomy and physiology of the human heart and circulatory system and the effects of adrenaline on the human circulatory system. Students expressed moderate enthusiasm for AR technology, showing the greatest level of acceptance of AR technology making learning more interesting and fun, improving learning, and making it easy to use. Although students showing more knowledge on the pretest expressed higher acceptance of AR technology, the gain in knowledge after an instructional activity was equally beneficial for all participants. The study indicates a beneficial effect of applying 3D animation, videos, and AR technology to understand dynamic and complex biological phenomena.

中文翻译：

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使用增强现实和结构行为功能模型向初中生传授人体循环系统

对于学童来说，学习人体解剖学的基础知识具有挑战性，因为它具有三维的性质和系统的复杂性。这项研究为基于增强现实（AR）技术和结构行为功能（SBF）模型的人体循环系统的学习和教学创建了教学材料，其中包括2D / 3D动画，游戏和视频以补充当前的知识。学校教科书中的2D表示形式。为了评估所开发材料的有效性，对来自斯洛文尼亚中部一所学校的51名七年级和八年级学生进行了教学活动。教学活动的预测试，后测试和延迟后测试测试了学生的知识，并通过问卷调查了他们对AR技术的接受程度。结果表明，学生对人类心脏和循环系统的基本解剖结构和生理以及肾上腺素对人体循环系统的影响的理解有了显着提高。学生对增强现实技术表现出中等的热情，显示出对增强现实技术的最大程度的接受，这使学习变得更加有趣和有趣，改善了学习并使其易于使用。尽管在预测试中显示更多知识的学生表示对AR技术的接受程度更高，但在教学活动后获得的知识对所有参与者都是同样有益的。该研究表明应用3D动画，视频和AR技术来了解动态和复杂的生物现象会产生有益的效果。