This paper examines the impact of startup regulations and institutional quality on the level of new business activity in a panel of 119 countries between 2001 and 2012. We find robust evidence that new business creation is significantly lower in countries with excessive barriers to entry, a lack of high-quality governmental institutions, or both. Specifically, increasing by one, the number of steps required to start a new business, reduces entrepreneurial activity between 3 and 7%. Furthermore, a one standard deviation increase in the overall average level of institutional quality is associated with a 34% increase in new business activity.

中文翻译：

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法规，机构质量和企业家精神

本文研究了2001年至2012年间119个国家的面板中启动法规和机构质量对新业务活动水平的影响。我们发现有力的证据表明，在进入门槛过高，缺乏壁垒的国家中，新业务创造的比例要低得多高质量的政府机构，或两者兼而有之。具体来说，增加一项新业务所需的步骤数量，会使企业家活动减少3％至7％。此外，机构质量的总体平均水平每增加一个标准差，就会增加34％的新业务活动。