Abstract

Personal metadiscourse markers (PMMs) are linguistic expressions explicitly referring to the current addresser and/or addressee. Previous studies have been limited to specific registers or PMMs. This article adopts a reflexive model of metadiscourse and the method of cluster analysis to compare PMMs in terms of their discourse functions across 10 spoken and written registers. Findings show that PMMs of addresser mainly perform the function of sending messages, PMMs of addressee the function of receiving messages, and PMMs of addresser and addressee the function of organizing discourse. Participants’ feedback determines the use of PMMs. Generally speaking, PMMs occur more frequently in speech than in writing, and more frequently in dialogues than in monologues. In speech, PMMs are used principally for the communication of information between the addresser and addressee, while in writing, for discourse management.

摘要

个人元话语标记（PMM）是明确表示当前讲话人和/或讲话人的语言表达。先前的研究仅限于特定的寄存器或PMM。本文采用元话语的反身模型和聚类分析方法，以比较PMM在10个口语和书面语中的话语功能。研究结果表明，发话人的PMM主要执行发送消息的功能，收件人的PMM执行接收消息的功能，而收件人和收件人的PMM则起到组织话语的功能。参与者的反馈决定了PMM的使用。一般而言，PMM在语音中的发生频率高于书面，在对话中的频率高于独白。在演讲中