Few studies have examined the psychometric properties of the test-related items from the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ). Using a sample of 955 university students, we examined the factor structure of 12 emotion items measuring test-related anger, boredom, enjoyment, and pride. Results indicated the four emotions were distinct, allowing for further examination of measurement invariance of the items across testing platform (computer-based vs. pencil-paper test) and gender. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported for testing platform and gender. Given interest in modeling change in emotions, we also examined whether the items were invariant across time by measuring emotions at 3 times during a test. Using a sample of 651 university students, configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across time. The findings provide important structural validity evidence for the item responses and support the comparison of emotions across testing platform, gender, and time.

中文翻译：

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检查跨测试平台、性别和时间的测试情绪的因子结构和测量不变性

很少有研究检查了成就情绪问卷 (AEQ) 中与测试相关的项目的心理测量特性。我们使用 955 名大学生作为样本，检查了 12 个情绪项目的因素结构，这些项目测量与测试相关的愤怒、无聊、享受和自豪。结果表明四种情绪是不同的，允许进一步检查跨测试平台（基于计算机的测试与铅笔纸测试）和性别的项目的测量不变性。测试平台和性别支持配置、度量和标量不变性。鉴于对情绪变化建模的兴趣，我们还通过在测试期间测量情绪 3 次来检查项目是否随时间保持不变。使用 651 名大学生的样本，跨时间支持配置、度量和标量不变性。