Learning to compose texts adequate for different purposes is crucial for becoming literate. We examined developmental changes in the rhetorical structure of written texts produced by Spanish children throughout the early years of elementary school in the light of descriptive writing purposes. Children had also performed tasks to test transcription, reading, cognitive skills, oral vocabulary, and discourse structure. Cross-sectional and longitudinal results show that the structure of the texts evolves from describing qualities to building a descriptive schema in which the described entity is introduced, qualities are justified, and a generalization is drawn from previously provided details. The ability to produce a self-sustained discourse, the ability to handle meaning relation among words, and a good working memory explained differences at a base level, whereas a higher command of spelling explained developmental changes in the structure of the text.

中文翻译：

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描述性文本的演变结构和学习者的能力

学习撰写适合不同目的的文本对于识字至关重要。我们根据描述性写作目的，研究了在小学早期阶段，西班牙儿童撰写的书面文本修辞结构的发展变化。孩子们还执行了测试转录、阅读、认知技能、口语词汇和话语结构的任务。横断面和纵向结果表明，文本的结构从描述质量演变为构建描述性模式，其中引入了所描述的实体，证明了质量，并从先前提供的细节中得出了概括。产生自我维持的话语的能力，处理词语之间意义关系的能力，