In this study, we explore how direct speech is portrayed in English and Spanish Speech Framing Expressions (SFEs). The study has two aims. Firstly, we survey the use of verbs in SFEs and offer a comprehensive inventory of those verbs in English and Spanish as representatives of Germanic and Romance languages respectively in order to determine what verb meanings are used to cue direct speech, what lexical resources express these meanings, and how rich and varied these vocabularies are in the two languages. Secondly, the comparisons across the languages provide the basis for a theoretical contribution to the debate about general typological differences in the semantics and lexicalization patterns of verbs in Germanic and Romance languages to the area of verbs for speech and to meaning modelling in general. Five main semantic categories of verbs were identified: speech, activity, perception, cognition and emotion. We show that Spanish features a much more varied repertoire than English and makes more use of verbs related to the domains of thinking and reasoning, while the physical domain is the preferred one in the English data set. It emerges that even though the same types of lexical resources are available in both languages, the ways of describing direct speech vary greatly.

中文翻译：

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语音框架表达中的动词：比较英语和西班牙语

在这项研究中，我们探讨了直接言语是如何用英语和西班牙语描述的语音框架表达式（SFE）。这项研究有两个目的。首先，我们调查了 SFE 中动词的使用情况，并提供了英语和西班牙语动词的综合清单，分别作为日耳曼语和罗曼语的代表，以确定哪些动词含义用于提示直接引语，哪些词汇资源表达这些含义，以及这些词汇在两种语言中的丰富性和多样性。其次，语言之间的比较为关于日耳曼语和罗曼语中动词的语义和词汇化模式的一般类型差异的辩论提供了理论贡献的基础，这些差异在语音动词领域和一般意义建模方面。确定了五个主要的动词语义类别：演讲,活动,洞察力,认识和情感. 我们表明，西班牙语比英语具有更多样的曲目，并且更多地使用与思维和推理领域相关的动词，而物理领域是英语数据集中的首选。结果表明，即使两种语言都提供相同类型的词汇资源，但描述直接引语的方式却大不相同。