This study uses data from loanwords in Indonesian to argue for a phonological analysis using Harmonic Grammar (e.g. Smolensky & Legendre 2006, Pater, Bhatt & Potts 2007, Pater 2009). In original data consisting of Arabic and Dutch loanwords containing initial and final consonant clusters produced by 24 native speakers of Indonesian, we find both deletion and epenthesis to resolve word-final clusters, while word-initial clusters sometimes have epenthesis and sometimes are tolerated intact. The adaptations of Arabic and Dutch loanwords reveal the influence of three markedness constraints generally observed in Indonesian (*ComplexCoda, *ComplexOnset, andMinWord), and support a role for phonology in the analysis of borrowing, rather than a purely perceptual approach. When native monosyllables and borrowed monosyllables without clusters are considered, we find evidence that a standard Optimality Theory strict ranking is inadequate to account for the data; these constraints must be allowed to ‘gang up’, as in Harmonic Grammar, to account for the deletions, epenthesis, and non-adaptations found in the data.

中文翻译：

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印尼语借用作为和声语法的证据

本研究使用来自印尼语的借词数据来论证使用和声语法的语音分析（例如 Smolensky & Legendre 2006, Pater, Bhatt & Potts 2007, Pater 2009）。在包含由 24 位印度尼西亚语母语人士生成的包含初始和最终辅音簇的阿拉伯语和荷兰语借词组成的原始数据中，我们发现删除和插入来解决词尾簇，而词首簇有时具有插入，有时可以完整地容忍。阿拉伯语和荷兰语借词的改编揭示了印度尼西亚语中普遍观察到的三个标记约束的影响（*复杂的结尾, *复杂的发作， 和最小字)，并支持音韵学在借词分析中的作用，而不是纯粹的感知方法。当考虑没有聚类的本地单音节和借来的单音节时，我们发现标准最优性理论严格排序不足以解释数据的证据；必须允许这些约束“组合”起来，就像在谐波语法中一样，以解释数据中的删除、插入和不适应。