Gender inequality is usually described as women’s disadvantage, only rarely as men’s advantage. Moreover, it is often illustrated by metaphors such as the glass ceiling—an invisible barrier to women’s career advancement—metaphors that often also focus on women’s disadvantage. Two studies (N = 228; N = 495) examined effects of these different ways of framing gender inequality. Participants read about gender inequality in leadership with a focus on either women or men, and either without a metaphor (women underrepresented vs. men overrepresented) or with a women-focused or men-focused metaphor (glass ceiling/labyrinth vs. old boys’ club). Metaphors caused participants to perceive gender inequality as (somewhat) more important. Regardless of metaphor use, women-focused descriptions led to more explanations of inequality focusing on women relative to explanations focusing on men, as well as to more suggestions of interventions targeting women at the expense of interventions aimed at systemic changes.

中文翻译：

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一个群体的优势还是另一个群体的劣势？比较框架如何影响工作场所性别不平等的解释和反应

性别不平等通常被描述为女性的劣势，很少被描述为男性的优势。此外，它经常用诸如玻璃天花板之类的隐喻来说明——女性职业发展的无形障碍——这些隐喻也经常关注女性的劣势。两项研究（N = 228；N = 495）检验了这些不同的性别不平等构成方式的影响。参与者阅读关于领导力中的性别不平等，重点是女性或男性，或者没有隐喻（女性代表性不足与男性代表性过高）或以女性或男性为中心的隐喻（玻璃天花板/迷宫与老男孩的俱乐部）。隐喻使参与者认为性别不平等（在某种程度上）更重要。不管用什么比喻，