We examine the direct relationships for both individual values and organizational-level culture on the quality of leader-member exchange (LMX) in a multilevel, multi-society study. In addition, we investigate the moderating roles of organizational- and societal-level cultures. Using 2343 respondents from 12 samples, we performed hierarchical linear modelling analysis and found that individual-level collectivism and organizational-level clan and hierarchy cultures were positively related to LMX, while individual-level individualism and organizational-level market and adhocracy cultures were negatively related to LMX. None of the organizational culture types or societal cultures had any moderating effects. One implication of the lack of moderating findings is that the main effect findings may be global, suggesting that they are not constrained by the organizational culture or societal culture in which they are embedded. We discuss additional implications for these findings.

在多层次，多社会研究中，我们研究了领导者-成员交流（LMX）的质量与个人价值观和组织级文化的直接关系。此外，我们调查了组织文化和社会文化的调节作用。我们使用来自12个样本的2343名受访者，进行了层次线性建模分析，发现个人级别的集体主义和组织级别的氏族和阶层文化与LMX正相关，而个人级别的个人主义与组织级别的市场和专制文化则负相关到LMX。组织文化类型或社会文化都没有任何调节作用。缺乏适度发现的一种暗示是，主要影响发现可能是全球性的，这表明它们不受所嵌入的组织文化或社会文化的束缚。我们讨论了这些发现的其他含义。