This paper addresses the theories of global strategy from the contrasting perspectives of MNEs and business ecosystems. A business ecosystem approach has become pervasive regarding strategic management and international business. Although this perspective can be useful to describe the specific phenomenon of new business models at the system level, it seems that scholars have yet to develop a new normative theory on why, when, and how firms benefit from business ecosystems. The existing theories of the global strategy for MNEs are originated from the extensive research streams about ownership advantages from the standpoint of Coase's theory of the firms. In contrast, international business scholars may need to turn attention to some alternative research streams that can provide a fertile ground for building a new theory of global strategy for business ecosystems from the perspective of Hayek's dispersed knowledge economy. For the purpose of facilitating this paradigm shift in global strategy, this article proposes (1) a theory-building framework to identify assumptions, theoretical pillars, and theoretical building blocks and (2) a research agenda to shed light on new directions for global strategy research and help scholars to develop normative research beyond the descriptive research on business ecosystems.

本文从跨国企业和商业生态系统的不同角度论述了全球战略的理论。商业生态系统方法已广泛应用于战略管理和国际业务。尽管这种观点可能有助于在系统级别描述新业务模型的特定现象，但似乎学者们尚未就公司为什么，何时以及如何从业务生态系统中受益的问题开发新的规范理论。从科斯的企业理论出发，跨国公司全球战略的现有理论源于关于所有权优势的广泛研究。相反，从哈耶克分散的知识经济的角度来看，国际商业学者可能需要将注意力转移到一些替代研究领域，这些研究领域可以为构建商业生态系统全球战略新理论提供沃土。为了促进全球战略的这种范式转变，本文提出（1）建立理论框架以识别假设，理论支柱和理论基础，以及（2）研究议程以阐明全球战略的新方向研究，并帮助学者在商业生态系统的描述性研究之外开展规范性研究。