How do international adjudicators use precedent? This question has been addressed several times in the literature, but doctrinal accounts have generally failed to consider the aggregate dimension of the phenomenon. This article seeks to provide an alternative outlook by offering a large-scale computational analysis of the body of jurisprudence of three international fora (the ICJ, the WTO Appellate Body and investment arbitration tribunals) and comparing their citation patterns with those of other judicial bodies—national and international. Building on a very large dataset (comprising over 200,000 citations), it employs network analysis tools to measure the evolution of international law citation networks. It then unpacks this emerging complexity by considering what, in a precedent, holds ‘citing value’, highlighting the expansion of the range of precedential resources as well as the consecration of established authorities. Finally, the article considers three examples of computational analysis of citations to precedent in order to better gauge the level of engagement with the past.

中文翻译：

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“可利用的过去”的形态和结构：国际裁决中使用先例的实证分析

国际仲裁员如何使用先例？这个问题已在文献中多次提出，但教义解释通常没有考虑到这一现象的总体维度。本文试图通过对三个国际论坛（国际法院、世贸组织上诉机构和投资仲裁庭）的判例体系进行大规模计算分析，并将它们的引用模式与其他司法机构的引用模式进行比较，从而提供另一种观点——国家和国际。它建立在一个非常大的数据集（包含超过 200,000 次引文）的基础上，采用网络分析工具来衡量国际法引文网络的演变。然后，它通过考虑先例中具有“引用价值”的内容来解开这种新兴的复杂性，强调先例资源范围的扩大以及既定当局的奉献。最后，本文考虑了对先例引用进行计算分析的三个示例，以便更好地衡量与过去的参与程度。