This article examines early attestations of verlan and related backward slangs in French in the nineteenth century. Its main contribution is the edition and analysis of the only known text, a letter, written with features of verlan before the twentieth century. This largely predates other attested forms of verlan. The principles underlying this early form of verlan are shown to be different from contemporary verlan, as is much other early evidence, though all forms have the syllable as their basic unit. The letter is evidence that backward slangs can originate in the education system as much as in the underworld of thieves.

中文翻译：

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在 19 世纪早期的文本中追溯 verlan 的起源？

本文探讨了早期的证明韦尔兰以及十九世纪法语中相关的落后俚语。它的主要贡献是编辑和分析了唯一已知的文本，一封信，写有韦尔兰二十世纪以前。这在很大程度上早于其他经证实的形式韦尔兰. 这种早期形式的基本原理韦尔兰被证明与当代不同韦尔兰，和许多其他早期证据一样，尽管所有形式都以音节为基本单位。这封信证明了落后的俚语可以起源于教育系统，也可以起源于小偷的黑社会。