Large carnivores are keystone species but represent economic costs to hunters. In Sweden, carnivore territories generally overlap with hunting areas, and as a result, conflicts occur because of the competition for prey. The wolf, lynx, and brown bear are protected species by law but are hunted when authorities allocate license hunting quotas. The aim of these quotas is to limit carnivore numbers. We estimate a hedonic model using ordinary least squares to address the effect of large carnivore occurrence on hunting lease prices by accounting for the presence of license hunting quotas for predators. This result is compared with the least absolute deviation estimations, which reduce the influence of outliers in the survey data. To isolate the effect of carnivores on hunting lease prices, we use snow depth and forest productivity as proxy variables for game harvest in the absence of carnivores. Our results show that lynx and wolf presence reduce hunting lease prices, but lynx presence shows higher significance and robustness. Based on median regressions, the marginal implicit price of an additional wolf territory is about 15% larger than that of an additional lynx territory. In contrast, we found no conclusive evidence that bear abundance directly affects hunting lease prices, but regulated bear hunting is found to have a positive and significant impact on hunting leases, suggesting indirect positive net benefits of increased brown bear abundance.

大型食肉动物是关键物种，但对猎人来说是经济成本。在瑞典，食肉动物的领地通常与狩猎区重叠，因此，由于争夺猎物而发生冲突。狼、猞猁和棕熊是受法律保护的物种，但在当局分配许可证狩猎配额时会被猎杀。这些配额的目的是限制食肉动物的数量。我们估计了一个使用普通最小二乘法的特征模型，通过考虑捕食者的许可狩猎配额的存在来解决大型食肉动物出现对狩猎租赁价格的影响。将该结果与最小绝对偏差估计进行比较，从而减少调查数据中异常值的影响。为了分离食肉动物对狩猎租赁价格的影响，在没有食肉动物的情况下，我们使用积雪深度和森林生产力作为游戏收获的代理变量。我们的结果表明，猞猁和狼的存在降低了狩猎租赁价格，但猞猁的存在显示出更高的重要性和稳健性。根据中值回归，增加一个狼领地的边际隐含价格比增加一个猞猁领地的边际隐含价格高出约 15%。相比之下，我们没有发现任何确凿证据表明熊的数量直接影响狩猎租赁价格，但发现受监管的熊狩猎对狩猎租赁产生积极而显着的影响，这表明棕熊数量增加的间接积极净收益。根据中值回归，增加一个狼领地的边际隐含价格比增加一个猞猁领地的边际隐含价格高出约 15%。相比之下，我们没有发现任何确凿证据表明熊的数量直接影响狩猎租赁价格，但发现受监管的熊狩猎对狩猎租赁产生积极而显着的影响，这表明棕熊数量增加的间接积极净收益。根据中值回归，增加一个狼领地的边际隐含价格比增加一个猞猁领地的边际隐含价格高出约 15%。相比之下，我们没有发现任何确凿证据表明熊的数量直接影响狩猎租赁价格，但发现受监管的熊狩猎对狩猎租赁产生积极而显着的影响，这表明棕熊数量增加的间接积极净收益。