In 2012 the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency was provided with 100,000 ha of productive forest land. The Agency swapped the land to obtain conservation-worthy forests, and these were turned into natural reserves. Conservation without reference to both benefits and cost typically results in inefficient solutions. In this paper we discuss how to select the forest stands to preserve in a cost-effective manner. We also discuss how to design a cost-benefit analysis of the swapping program. We provide several new results regarding the economics of preservation, when land swaps is a viable instrument.

中文翻译：

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交换森林以保护有价值的地点：经济评估框架示意图

2012 年，瑞典环境保护署获得了 100,000 公顷的生产性林地。该机构交换土地以获得值得保护的森林，这些森林变成了自然保护区。不考虑收益和成本的保护通常会导致低效的解决方案。在本文中，我们将讨论如何以具有成本效益的方式选择要保护的林分。我们还讨论了如何设计交换计划的成本效益分析。当土地交换是一种可行的工具时，我们提供了一些关于保护经济学的新结果。