Sexual harassment is undergoing an identification revolution, as more victims choose to forego their anonymity and divulge their identity to the public. Research in social psychology on the identifiability effect has found that identified victims typically generate more empathy and support than unidentified ones. However, this research has been limited largely to monetary donations or to unambiguous cases with uncontested facts; the scholarship has not examined the effects of varying the identifiability of both parties to a conflict. In three large‐scale experiments with a representative population (total N = 3,988), we found that in the context of sexual harassment, victims do not gain an identifiability “premium”—whereas offenders do. Offenders identified by their first name only are regarded as more credible and moral and less blameworthy and responsible for the event than unidentified offenders, but the same does not apply to identified victims. Furthermore, when the offender is identified, fewer people perceive the case as involving sexual harassment (Experiment 1), and support for taking measures against the offender declines (Experiment 2). Finally, the identified offender premium exists for offenders of both sexes, but the detrimental effect of identification on victims is moderated by the victim's mode of identification. Specifically, identified female victims who stated willingness to disclose their name publicly fared worse than those preferring that their name not be revealed in public, and the difference between active and passive identification reversed for male victims. The effect of identification mode is moderated by sexist beliefs (Experiment 3). Our results have normative implications for the appropriate balance between publicity and anonymity in various contexts, including social networks, the media, and disciplinary and judicial tribunals.

中文翻译：

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名字叫什么？可识别性对性骚扰罪犯和被害人的不同影响

随着越来越多的受害者选择放弃自己的匿名性并将其身份公开给公众，性骚扰正在经历一场身份革命。关于可识别性影响的社会心理学研究发现，被识别的受害者通常比未识别的受害者产生更多的同情和支持。但是，这项研究主要限于金钱捐赠或事实明确的案例。该奖学金没有研究改变冲突双方身份的影响。在三个具有代表性种群的大型实验中（总N= 3,988），我们发现在性骚扰的情况下，受害者无法获得可识别的“溢价”，而罪犯则可以。与不明身份的犯罪者相比，仅以姓氏标识的犯罪者被认为更可信，更道德，对事件的谴责和责任较少，但不适用于已确定身份的受害者。此外，在识别出犯罪者后，更少的人将案件视为涉及性骚扰（实验1），并支持采取措施应对犯罪者的拒绝（实验2）。最后，对于男女双方都存在已确定的罪犯溢价，但是身份鉴定对受害人的有害影响被受害人的鉴定方式所减轻。特别，那些愿意公开公开其姓名的女性受害者的表现要比那些不愿公开其姓名的女性受害者要差，而主动和被动识别男性受害者的区别则相反。认同模式的影响受到性别歧视信念的影响（实验3）。我们的研究结果对在各种场合（包括社交网络，媒体，纪律和司法法庭）之间的公开与匿名之间的适当平衡具有规范意义。