Mandarin Chinese clausal syntax can be described as strictly head-initial, with the exception of certain “particles” which are linearized at the end of the clause. Previous work on these sentence-final particles (SFPs) has assumed that all SFPs are very high, in the CP periphery. In this paper I show that a subset of SFPs are in a lower, clause-medial position, based on the scopal interaction of these SFPs with negation, modals, quantificational subjects, and alternative question disjunction. I identify this position as coinciding with the edge of the lower phase, traditionally identified as vP. As SFPs are head-final heads with head-initial complements, they have been discussed as an important apparent exception to the Final-over-Final Constraint (FOFC), a proposed universal on structure-building and linearization. The existence of exceptions to FOFC in a clause-medial position in addition to the CP edge motivates the view that FOFC holds only within individual Spell-Out domains.

中文翻译：

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普通话中的句子最终量少和最终的最终约束

普通话的从句语法可以描述为严格的首字母缩写，但某些“粒子”在条款的末尾被线性化了。这些句子最终粒子（SFP）的先前工作已假定在CP外围，所有SFP都很高。在本文中，我根据这些SFP与否定词，模态，量化主题和替代疑问句的ction骨相互作用，显示了SFP的子集处于较低的从句中间位置。我将此位置确定为与较低相的边缘重合，传统上将其标识为vP.由于SFP是带有头初始补码的头最终头，因此已讨论它们作为Final-over-Final约束（FOFC）（拟议的结构构建和线性化通用方法）的重要明显例外。除了CP边缘之外，在子句中间位置还存在FOFC例外，这激发了这样的观点，即FOFC仅在单个Spell-Out域中成立。