In a number of wh-in-situ languages, only causal wh-adverbs corresponding to ‘why’ exhibit island effects. The widely adopted explanation for this by Tsai (On economizing the theory of A-bar dependencies, 1994a, Nat Lang Linguist Theory 12(1):121–175, 1994b, in: Del Gobbo, Hoshi (eds) UCI working papers in linguistics, University of California, Irvine, 1999, J East Asian Linguist 17(2):83–115, 2008) is to draw a distinction between wh-nominals and wh-adverbs, where the former are unselectively bound by an operator in their scope position, while the latter must raise at LF, thereby inducing island violations. The result is a hybrid approach where wide scope of wh-words is derived by two distinct mechanisms. In this paper, I show that the island-sensitivity of wh-adverbs can be captured in a unified approach based on the observation that island sensitivity correlates with the adjunction height of the adverb. The resulting approach allows us to treat all in situ wh-phrases alike and leads to a unified theory of wh-in-situ which does not rely on LF movement. Furthermore, it will be shown how the analysis extends to other to donkey anaphora, wh-islands and A-not-A questions.

中文翻译：

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建立统一的原地和岛屿理论

在许多Wh-situ语言中，只有与“ why”相对应的因果wh-副词才会表现出岛屿效应。蔡（Tsai）对此的广泛采用的解释（关于节约A-bar依赖的理论，1994a，纳特·兰格语言学家理论12（1）：121–175，1994b，在以下文章中发表：Del Gobbo，Hoshi（eds）UCI语言学工作论文，加利福尼亚大学欧文分校，1999年，J East Asian Linguist 17（2）：83-115，2008年）是要区分名词和名词和副词，后者在其作用域内不受操作者的选择约束位置，而后者必须在LF升起，从而引发对岛屿的侵犯。结果是一种混合方法，其中通过两种不同的机制推导了广泛的单词。在本文中，我表明，可以根据观察到的孤岛灵敏度与副词的附加高度相关的观察结果，以统一的方式捕获Wh-副词的孤岛敏感性。由此产生的方法使我们能够对所有原位whi-短语进行相同的处理，从而产生了不依赖于LF运动的原位whis-原位统一理论。此外，还将显示该分析如何扩展到其他方面，包括驴回指，whisland和A-not-A问题。