This paper offers an analysis of ka⁴¹, an aspectual element in Changsha Xiang Chinese. It is argued that this element occupies a position in the inner-aspectual structure of the clause, between the higher aspectual marker ta²¹ and the lower elements expressing a lexical result (like clean in wash clean). On the basis of its co-occurrence with various verb types, we treat ka⁴¹ as an achievement marker: when present, it blocks any reading in which the denoted event proceeds along a multi-point scale, allowing only the instantaneous, two-point scale reading in which the beginning and the endpoint of the event coincide. On the basis of its syntactic distribution we argue that the syntactic position ka⁴¹ occupies is an intermediate aspectual projection (Asp2P) in the inner aspect domain, which is sandwiched between the lowest inner aspectual projection dedicated to telicity and the highest one signaling perfectivity (or realization of the end point). We review the implications of the analysis for the aspectual domain of Mandarin clauses and point out that the intermediate inner aspectual projection (Asp2P) we introduce for Changsha appears to be a suitable syntactic position for the structural analysis of the small set of grammaticalized items generally known as “Phase complements” as well.

中文翻译：

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成就与成就之间差异的结构性解释：来自长沙湘语的证据

本文对“长沙湘语”中的一个方面元素ka ^41进行了分析。有人认为，该元素在子句的内部方面结构中占较高位置的标记ta ²¹和表示词汇结果的下部元素（如clean中的clean）之间的位置。根据它与各种动词类型同时出现的情况，我们将ka ⁴¹视为作为成就标记：存在时，它会阻止所指示事件沿多点标度进行的任何读数，仅允许事件开始和终点重合的瞬时两点标度读数。根据其句法分布，我们认为句法位置ka ⁴¹在内部方面域中占据一个中间方面的投影（Asp2P），该中间方面的投影夹在专用于精致的最低内部方面的投影与最高的一个信号完整性（或端点的实现）之间。我们回顾了分析对普通话从句方面的意义，并指出，我们为长沙引入的中间内部方面投影（Asp2P）似乎是对通常已知的少量语法化项目进行结构分析的合适句法位置作为“阶段的补充”。