We estimate the effect of the share of ethnic groups included in the central government on economic growth, distinguishing between democracies and autocracies in a panel of 41 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1950-2000. We exploit evidence from the Ethnic Power Relations database that categorizes the politically relevant ethnic groups in terms of access to state power. We are taking advantage of the within-country variation and using Fixed-Effects, Difference-GMM and System-GMM estimations. Our dynamic panel data and error-correction growth models display a robust positive effect of the proportion of included groups in democracies. This effect is offset in autocracies and the difference is often significantly negative. This finding withstands the introduction of various controls and specification checks. We provide a theoretical rationalization of this observed phenomenon in the form of a mechanism involving the opposition of forces linked to efficiency gains, coordination failures and inclusiveness.

中文翻译：

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撒哈拉以南非洲中央国家政府的民族包容性和经济增长

我们估计了中央政府中包含的族群比例对经济增长的影响，区分了 1950 年至 2000 年期间 41 个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的民主和专制。我们利用来自民族权力关系数据库的证据，该数据库根据获得国家权力的机会对政治相关的族群进行分类。我们正在利用国内差异并使用固定效应、Difference-GMM 和 System-GMM 估计。我们的动态面板数据和纠错增长模型显示了民主国家所包含群体比例的强大积极影响。这种影响在专制政体中被抵消，差异通常是显着的负面影响。这一发现经得起各种控制和规范检查的引入。