Difficulties with planning, such as negotiating task understandings and goals, can have a profound effect on regulation and task performance when students work collaboratively (Miller and Hadwin, Computers in Human Behaviour, 52, 573-588, 2015a). Despite planning being a common challenge, teams often fail to identify strategies for addressing those challenges successfully. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of team planning support in the form of awareness visualizations (quantified, nominal, and no visualization of individual planning perceptions summarized across group members) on the challenges students face during collaboration, and the ways they report regulating in the face of those challenges. Findings revealed differences across conditions. Individuals in the no visualization condition (a) rated planning as more problematic, and (b) were likely to encounter doing the task, checking progress, and group work challenges when they encounter planning challenges, (c) reported more time and planning main challenges compared to doing the task and group work challenges, and (d) reported that planning strategies (adopted as a team) were most effective for addressing planning challenges, followed by teamwork strategies which were less effective. In contrast, individuals belonging to groups who received one of the two visualizations (a) reported that both planning and teamwork strategies to be equally effective for addressing planning challenges, and (b) reported higher levels of success with their strategies than groups without a visualization support. Findings attest to the importance of supporting group planning with planning visualizations.

中文翻译：

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在线协作中的挑战：脚本编写共享任务感知的效果

当学生进行协作工作时，计划上的困难（例如，协商任务的理解和目标）可能会对法规和任务绩效产生深远的影响（Miller和Hadwin，《人类行为计算机》，第52页），573-588，2015a）。尽管计划是一个常见的挑战，但是团队经常无法确定成功解决这些挑战的策略。这项研究的目的是通过意识可视化（量化，名义上的，不可视化的跨小组成员的个人规划感知的可视化）形式检查团队计划支持对学生在协作过程中面临的挑战以及他们举报方式的影响面对这些挑战进行监管。调查结果揭示了不同情况之间的差异。没有可视化条件的个人（a）认为计划存在更多问题，并且（b）遇到计划时很可能会遇到执行任务，检查进度以及团队合作的挑战挑战，（c）报告的时间和计划主要挑战比做任务和小组工作的挑战要多，并且（d）报告说（作为团队采用的）规划策略最有效地解决了规划挑战，其次是团队合作策略效果较差。相反，属于接受了两种可视化方法之一的组的个人则表示，计划和团队合作应对计划挑战同样有效的战略；（b）与没有可视化支持的小组相比，他们的战略成功率更高。研究结果证明了通过计划可视化支持小组计划的重要性。